
How to construct Malay Sentences?
[Noun or Pronoun] + [Verb or Adjective or Preposition] + [Object]
[Noun] + [Verb] : Saya minum jus oren : I drink orange juice
[Noun] + [Adjective] : Saya gembira : I am happy
[Noun] + [Preposition] : Saya di pejabat : I am at the office
In a Malay sentence which uses a verb,
1. Singular or Plural Subject do not have agreement with the verb used
- My friend works – Kawan saya bekerja
- My friends work – Kawan-kawan saya bekerja
- He is working – Dia sedang bekerja
- They are working – Mereka sedang bekerja
2. Present verbs do not change to past tense verbs
- My friend worked yesterday : Kawan saya bekerja semalam
- My friends worked yesterday : Kawan-kawan saya bekerja semalam
- My friend was working yesterday : Kawan saya sedang bekerja semalam
- My friends were working yesterday : Kawan-kawan saya sedang bekerja semalam
- She ate just now : Dia makan tadi
- We ate just now : Kami makan tadi
- She has eaten : Dia sudah makan
- They have eaten : Mereka sudah makan
3. Sentences without Verb
Note : In English, whenever there is no verb after a subject, ‘to be’ ie is, are or am must be used before the adjective, preposition or noun
In Malay,
- I am happy : Saya gembira
- I am here : Saya berada di sini / Saya ada di sini / Saya di sini
- I am a nurse : Saya seorang jururawat
- She is pretty : Dia cantik
- She is there : Dia berada di sana / Dia ada di sana / Dia di sana
- She is my wife : Dia ialah isteri saya / Dia isteri saya
- They are noisy : Mereka bising
- They are in the room : Mereka berada di dalam bilik / Mereka di dalam bilik
- They are students : Mereka pelajar
4. How to use don’t, doesn’t, am not, isn’t, are not
- I eat rice everyday : Saya makan nasi setiap hari
- I don’t eat rice today : Saya tidak makan nasi hari ini
- I am eating rice now : Saya sedang makan nasi sekarang
- I am not eating rice now : Saya tidak makan nasi sekarang
- I am in London now : Saya berada di London sekarang
- I am not in KL now : Saya tidak berada di London / Saya bukan di London sekarang
- She eats rice everyday : Dia makan nasi setiap hari
- She doesn’t eat rice today : Dia tidak makan nasi hari ini
- She is eating rice now : Dia sedang makan nasi sekrang
- She is not eating rice now : Dia tidak makan nasi sekarang
- She is happy today : Dia gembira hari ini
- She is not happy today : Dia tidak gembira hari ini
- They eat rice everyday : Mereka makan nasi setiap hari
- They don’t eat rice today : Mereka tidak makan nasi hari ini
- They are eating rice now : Mereka sedang makan nasi sekarang
- They are not eating rice now : Mereka tidak makan nasi sekarang
- They are from England : Mereka dari England
- They are not from France : Mereka bukan dari France
Note :
1. Tidak – means ‘not’, used with Verbs and Adjectives (In daily conversation, tidak is shortened to ‘tak’)
- eg : I do not like to eat burger : Saya tidak suka makan berger
- eg : I am not hungry : Saya tidak lapar
2. Tidak ada / Tiada – means ‘no’
- eg – There is nobody home : Tidak ada orang di rumah
- eg – I have no choice : Saya tidak ada pilihan
3. Tidak berada – means ‘not’, used with negative prepositions
- eg : I am not at home : Saya tidak berada di rumah
- eg : I am not in the office : Saya tidak berada di pejabat
4. Bukan – means ‘not’, usually used with Nouns and very few negative prepositions
- eg : I am not his client : Saya bukan pelanggannya
- eg : I am not the manager here : Saya bukan pengurus di sini
- eg : I am not from England : Saya bukan dari England
Sample Conversation
- My name is Alex and this is Mary : Nama saya Alex dan ini Marry
- I am from England : Saya dari England
- This is my wife : Ini isteri saya
- We arrived yesterday : Kami tiba semalam
- We stay in room 206 : Kami tinggal di bilik 206
- We like this hotel : Kami suka hotel ini
- This hotel is beautiful : Hotel ini cantik
- That boy is my son : Budak itu ialah anak saya
- He likes this hotel too : Dia suka hotel ini juga
- He wants to eat at the restaurant : Dia mahu makan di restoren
Note : Words highlighted in red – When using possession and articles, eg : my wife, this hotel, the position of possessive and noun must be reversed.
- eg : Isteri saya – my wife but I want – Saya mahu
- eg : Hotel ini – this hotel but This is good – Ini bagus
Tips :
- The position of Personal pronouns will not change, eg : I,me,You, We,us, They,them, He,him, She,her, It but
- The position of possessive pronouns will change, eg : my, your, our, their, his, her, its
Be very sure whether you mean I or my or me, because in Malay,
- I, my and me are all translated as : saya
- You, your – awak
- We, us, our – kita/kami
- He, him, his – dia
- She, her – dia
- They, them, their – mereka
- It – ia
- eg : Saya suka – I like
- eg : Rumah saya – My house
- eg : You call me – Awak telefon saya