About Nouns and Pronouns
NOUN iaitu KATANAMA
Setiap katanama mempunyai PRONOUN iaitu GANTINAMA
Setiap PRONOUN terbahagi kepada Personal Pronoun(Gantinama Peribadi) dan juga Possessive Pronoun, iaitu Gantinama Kepunyaan
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan NOUN atau KATANAMA ?
- Secara ringkasnya, Noun adalah manusia, haiwan, tumbuhan, benda dan lain-lain..
- Noun dinamakan SUBJECT apabila kedudukannya di hadapan sekali dalam sesuatu ayat, iaitu ia menjadi perkara utama di dalam ayat itu.
- Apabila noun menjadi subject, amat penting mengetahui samada ia Singular atau Plural.
- Apabila noun digunakan di bahagian hujung ayat, ia dinamakan OBJECT (dan tidak penting samada Singular atau Plural)
Terdapat 4 jenis NOUN :
- Common Noun (Nama Am)
- Proper Noun (Nama Khas)
- Abstract Noun (Nama Abstrek)
- Collective Noun (Nama yang melibatkan kumpulan)
Nota : Setiap Subject/Noun berfungsi samada sebagai Singular (bilangan 1) atau Plural (bilangan ramai/banyak) kecuali I dan You yang dimasukkan kedalam kumpulan Plural walaupun bilangannya 1.
Noun boleh digantikan dengan Gantinama seperti berikut :
a. Personal Pronoun (Gantinama Peribadi)
- The boy He
b. Posessive Pronoun (Gantinama Kepunyaan)
- The boy My brother
PRONOUNS – SINGULAR (satu) dan PLURAL (lebih daripada 1)
The following nouns are arranged as follow :
Singular Noun : Subject Pronoun – Object Pronoun
- Plural Subject : Subject Pronoun – Object Pronoun
Examples :
1. Ali : he – him
- Ali and Ahmad : they – them
2. Aminah : she – him
- Aminah and Kalsom : they – them
3. car : it – it
- cars : they – them
4. boy : he – him
- boys : they – them
5. tomato : it – it
- tomatoes (hujung ’o, x, h, s’ – tambah ‘es’) : they – them
6. watch : it – it
- watches (hujung ‘o, x, h, s’ – tambah ‘es’) : they – them
7. lady : she-her
- ladies (hujung ‘y’ – buang ‘y’ ganti ‘ies’) : they – them
8. leaf : it-it
- leaves (hujung ‘f’ – buang ‘f’ ganti ‘ves’) : they – them
Perhatian : Sesetengah Noun Singular berubah secara lain apabila menjadi Plural :
9. child : he – him
- children : they – them
10. man : he – him
- men : they – them
11. gentleman he – him
- gentlemen : they – them
12. woman : she – her
- women : they – them
13. This : it – it
- these : they – them
14. That : it – it
- those : they – them
15. The book : it – it
- the books : they – them
16. a car : it – it
- a few cars : they – them
17. person : he – him
- people : they – them
PERSONAL PRONOUNS (Subject – Object)
Singular
Dia(l) : he – him
Dia(p) : she – her
Ia : It – it
Plural
Awak : you – you
Kami : we – us
Mereka : they – them
Saya : I – me
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
Possessive Pronoun digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepunyaan sesuatu Nama samada manusia, haiwan, tumbuhan atau benda.
my friend – kawan saya
my friend’s house – rumah kawan saya
mine – saya punya
your car – kereta awak
your car’s key – kunci kereta awak
yours – awak punya
our boss – boss kita
our boss’s car – kereta boss kita
ours – kita punya
their teacher – cikgu mereka
their teacher’s wife – isteri cikgu mereka
theirs – mereka punya
his mother – ibunya
his mother’s friend – kawan ibunya
his – dia punya
her son – anaknya
her son’s friend – kawan anaknya
hers – dia punya
its food – makanannya
its food’s cover – tudung makanannya
its – ia punya
Ali’s car – kereta Ali
his car’s key – kunci keretanya
Ali’s – Ali punya
Siti’s house – rumah Siti
her house’s yard – laman rumahnya
Siti’s – Siti punya
Abu’s mother – ibu Abu
his mother’s friend – kawan ibunya
Abu’s – Abu punya
SINGULAR dan PLURAL kepada Personal dan Possessive Pronouns :
The following examples are arranged as follow :
Pronoun : Singular, Plural
He : his friend, his friends
She : her house , her houses
It : its kitten , its kittens
I : my car , my cars
You : your problem , your problems
We : our mother , our parents
They : their office , their offices