NOUN iaitu KATANAMA
Setiap katanama mempunyai PRONOUN iaitu GANTINAMA
Setiap PRONOUN terbahagi kepada Personal Pronoun(Gantinama Peribadi) dan juga Possessive Pronoun, iaitu Gantinama Kepunyaan
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan NOUN atau KATANAMA ?
- Secara ringkasnya, Noun adalah manusia, haiwan, tumbuhan, benda dan lain-lain..
- Noun dinamakan SUBJECT apabila kedudukannya di hadapan sekali dalam sesuatu ayat, iaitu ia menjadi perkara utama di dalam ayat itu.
- Apabila noun menjadi subject, amat penting mengetahui samada ia Singular atau Plural.
- Apabila noun digunakan di bahagian hujung ayat, ia dinamakan OBJECT (dan tidak penting samada Singular atau Plural)
Terdapat 4 jenis NOUN :
- Common Noun (Nama Am)
- Proper Noun (Nama Khas)
- Abstract Noun (Nama Abstrek)
- Collective Noun (Nama yang melibatkan kumpulan)
Nota : Setiap Subject/Noun berfungsi samada sebagai Singular (bilangan 1) atau Plural (bilangan ramai/banyak) kecuali I dan You yang dimasukkan kedalam kumpulan Plural walaupun bilangannya 1.
Noun boleh digantikan dengan Gantinama seperti berikut :
a. Personal Pronoun (Gantinama Peribadi)
- The boy He
b. Posessive Pronoun (Gantinama Kepunyaan)
- The boy My brother
PRONOUNS – SINGULAR (satu) dan PLURAL (lebih daripada 1)
The following nouns are arranged as follow :
Singular Noun : Subject Pronoun – Object Pronoun
- Plural Subject : Subject Pronoun – Object Pronoun
Examples :
1. Ali : he – him
- Ali and Ahmad : they – them
2. Aminah : she – him
- Aminah and Kalsom : they – them
3. car : it – it
- cars : they – them
4. boy : he – him
- boys : they – them
5. tomato : it – it
- tomatoes (hujung ’o, x, h, s’ – tambah ‘es’) : they – them
6. watch : it – it
- watches (hujung ‘o, x, h, s’ – tambah ‘es’) : they – them
7. lady : she-her
- ladies (hujung ‘y’ – buang ‘y’ ganti ‘ies’) : they – them
8. leaf : it-it
- leaves (hujung ‘f’ – buang ‘f’ ganti ‘ves’) : they – them
Perhatian : Sesetengah Noun Singular berubah secara lain apabila menjadi Plural :
9. child : he – him
- children : they – them
10. man : he – him
- men : they – them
11. gentleman he – him
- gentlemen : they – them
12. woman : she – her
- women : they – them
13. This : it – it
- these : they – them
14. That : it – it
- those : they – them
15. The book : it – it
- the books : they – them
16. a car : it – it
- a few cars : they – them
17. person : he – him
- people : they – them
PERSONAL PRONOUNS (Subject – Object)
Singular
Dia(l) : he – him
Dia(p) : she – her
Ia : It – it
Plural
Awak : you – you
Kami : we – us
Mereka : they – them
Saya : I – me
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
Possessive Pronoun digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepunyaan sesuatu Nama samada manusia, haiwan, tumbuhan atau benda.
my friend – kawan saya
my friend’s house – rumah kawan saya
mine – saya punya
your car – kereta awak
your car’s key – kunci kereta awak
yours – awak punya
our boss – boss kita
our boss’s car – kereta boss kita
ours – kita punya
their teacher – cikgu mereka
their teacher’s wife – isteri cikgu mereka
theirs – mereka punya
his mother – ibunya
his mother’s friend – kawan ibunya
his – dia punya
her son – anaknya
her son’s friend – kawan anaknya
hers – dia punya
its food – makanannya
its food’s cover – tudung makanannya
its – ia punya
Ali’s car – kereta Ali
his car’s key – kunci keretanya
Ali’s – Ali punya
Siti’s house – rumah Siti
her house’s yard – laman rumahnya
Siti’s – Siti punya
Abu’s mother – ibu Abu
his mother’s friend – kawan ibunya
Abu’s – Abu punya
SINGULAR dan PLURAL kepada Personal dan Possessive Pronouns :
The following examples are arranged as follow :
Pronoun : Singular, Plural
He : his friend, his friends
She : her house , her houses
It : its kitten , its kittens
I : my car , my cars
You : your problem , your problems
We : our mother , our parents
They : their office , their offices
